刑事訴訟與民事訴訟的主要分別,在於刑事訴訟是以香港特區的名義提出檢控,目的是遏止罪案和懲治罪犯;而民事訴訟是為了保護和追收財產,或強制履行義務為主。
香港的刑事檢控工作,由香港特區政府律政司司長全權負責。律政司司長或代表律政司司長的人員,會決定是否對某宗案件提出檢控。
律政司在決定是否提出檢控時,會考慮兩點:
第一,是否有充足證據提出檢控?
第二,如果證據充足,提出檢控是否符合公眾利益?
在作出決定時,律政司司長不會受制於政府行政部門的任何指示或指令。部分有關刑事案件的重要原則包括:
民事訴訟可以是:1) 政府控告個人、或個人控告政府;或 2)個人控方另一人(「個人」包括公司機構)。
民事法主要包括合約法、侵權法、財產法、行政法、家事法及稅務法。民事訴訟的舉證準則,是權衡可能性,因此民事案的準則,較刑事案為低。
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